이원자 분자의 결합의 이온성. HF 분자의 이온성 백분율

이원자 분자의 결합의 이온성. HF 분자의 이온성 백분율

 

 

HF의 쌍극자 모멘트와 결합 길이가

각각 1.92 D와 91.7 pm일 때

분자의 이온성 백분율을 계산하시오.

 

 

The ionic character of the bond in a diatomic molecule

can be estimated by the formula:

(μ / ed) × 100%

where μ is the experimentally measured dipole moment (in C•m),

e the electronic charge, and d the bond length in meters.

(The quantity ed is the hypothetical dipole moment for the case in which

the transfer of an electron from the less electronegative

to the more electronegative atom is complete.)

 

Given that the dipole moment and bond length of HF

are 1.92 D and 91.7 pm, respectively,

calculate the percent ionic character of the molecule (labeled as δ).

 

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[A] 주어진 힌트

> 1 D = 3.336×10^(-30) C•m

> electronic charge = 1.602×10^(-19) C

 

 

> 91.7 pm × (1 m / 10^12 pm) = 9.17×10^(-11) m

 

 

δ = (μ / ed) × 100

= [1.92×(3.336×10^(-30))] / [(1.602×10^(-19))×(9.17×10^(-11))] × 100

= 43.6%

 

 

 

 

[B] 주어진 힌트

μ = 4.8 D when the positive and negative charges are separated by 1.0 Å.

 

 

> μ = q × r = q × (1.0 Å) = 4.8 D

> q = 4.8 D / 1.0 Å

 

 

μ(HF) = δ × ed = δ × q × (0.917 Å)

 

δ = μ(HF) / [q × (0.917 Å)]

= 1.92 D / [(4.8 D / 1.0 Å) × 0.917 Å]

= 0.436

= 43.6%

 

 

 

 

[키워드] HF dipole moment bond length 1.92 D 91.7 pm 기준문서